Why Manual Scavenging Still Predominates in India: Lack of Recognition and Political Will
India continues to struggle with the pervasive issue of manual scavenging despite advancements in technology. The question arises: why are we not extensively utilizing machines in the field of manual scavenging? Could it be due to a lack of recognition and political support when compared to more visible projects like Chandrayaan 3?
Understanding Government Roles and Education vs. Research
The responsibilities of the central and state governments are distinct and cannot be conflated. The work related to manual scavenging is primarily the prerogative of the local borough and local government, not the central government. Education, a common subject, is fundamentally different from research, which is a central subject. The central government is not using initiatives like ISRO to simply garner votes; such objectives are typically driven by genuine developmental needs and not electoral strategies.
Government Focus on Manual Scavenging and Automation
There is a critical need for the Indian government to focus on the automation of scavenging, which would not only modernize the sector but also reduce health risks for workers. However, the transition to automation poses a challenge. There is a reason why scavenging has not caught the attention of the government: ignorance and lack of public awareness about the potential of automated solutions. Additionally, the shift could deprive people of job opportunities, making it a complex issue.
Cost and Labor Factors
The decision not to widely use machines in manual scavenging is largely driven by economic factors. Manual labor remains cheaper, and contractors often prefer employing human labor over expensive machines. The return on investment (ROI) for machines can take years, which might not be economically viable for contractors. Moreover, the issue of accidental deaths, often misrepresented through corruption and media, further complicates the adoption of machines.
Uplifting the Poor and Political Incentives
Another reason for the continued use of manual labor is the economic upliftment of the poor. While automation offers safer and more efficient options, it may lead to job displacement, particularly in rural areas. Only when the poor are uplifted through better opportunities will the practice of manual scavenging decline.
Future Prospects and Hope for Change
There is a glimmer of hope for change in the Indian political landscape. Under the UPA government, particularly with the leadership of Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi, there is a sentiment that things could improve. The UPA government has shown a more developmental orientation, with initiatives like improving infrastructure and creating employment opportunities. Nitin Gadkari, a key BJP leader, is another voice pushing for developmental reforms.
In conclusion, while the use of machines in manual scavenging is a practical solution, the current lack of recognition, political support, and economic incentives hinder its widespread adoption. It is a complex issue that requires multifaceted solutions, including public awareness campaigns, economic policies that support automation, and political will to drive the necessary changes.