Why Do Colors Look Different in Artificial Light Compared to Sunlight?

Colors appear differently in artificial light compared to sunlight due to several factors primarily related to the color temperature and spectral composition of the light sources as well as how our eyes perceive color. This post explores these factors in detail, providing you with a better understanding of why the colors we see under different lighting conditions vary, and how to manage these variations in different settings.

Color Temperature

Color temperature is a characteristic of light that affects the color appearance and warmth or coolness of a light source. Sunlight has a color temperature of around 5000 to 6500 Kelvin, which is considered Daylight.

Artificial Light sources, on the other hand, have varying color temperatures, which can range from warm to cool. For example:

Incandescent bulbs tend to emit a warm yellowish light around 2700K. Some fluorescent lights may produce a colder bluish light around 4000K or higher.

Understanding these variations is crucial to creating harmonious lighting environments that enhance the appearance of colors in different contexts.

Spectral Composition

Spectral composition of light also plays a significant role in the color appearance. Sunlight contains a full spectrum of colors, which means it includes all wavelengths of visible light. This allows colors to be perceived in their true form.

Many artificial lights, however, do not emit all wavelengths evenly. For instance, some fluorescent lights may lack certain wavelengths, which can cause colors to appear muted or altered. LEDs can vary widely in their spectral output, depending on their design, which can similarly affect how colors are perceived.

Metamerism

Metamerism describes the phenomenon where two objects appear to match in color under one lighting condition but not under another. Our perception of color is based on how light reflects off objects and enters our eyes. The brain interprets this information to determine color. Artificial light may not include the same wavelengths as sunlight, causing colors to look different under these light sources.

Color perception can also be influenced by the surrounding environment and context. Different lighting can change the context in which colors are viewed, further altering our perception. Understanding metamerism is essential for designers, artists, and fashion professionals to ensure that the colors they select look as intended across different lighting conditions.

Conclusion

These factors contribute to the differences in color appearance under artificial light versus sunlight. When choosing colors for design, art, or fashion, it’s essential to consider the type of lighting in which they will be viewed to ensure the desired effect is achieved. By understanding and managing these factors, you can create visually appealing and functional environments that enhance the user experience.