Why Did the Christians in the Book of Acts Live Communally?

The practice of communal living among early Christians, as depicted in the Book of Acts, has intrigued scholars and scholars of religion for centuries. This article explores the reasons behind this communal lifestyle and places it in the context of both historical and religious frameworks.

Understanding Communal Living

Communal living is a shared way of life where groups of individuals pool their resources and live together, often sharing everything. In the context of the early Christian community, this could include property, food, and even personal possessions. The concept of communal living is often seen in small religious groups, as the human brain can only grasp a group as a 'family' up to a certain size, usually around 200 people.

Historical Context

The idea that early Christians lived communally because of external pressures such as Roman confiscation of property is a popular interpretation. According to some accounts, after the conversion sermon on Pentecost and another significant event where thousands of people became Christians, the new converts chose to remain in Jerusalem. This collective living arrangement was a response to the excitement of their newfound faith, rather than being forced to leave their homes.

Roman Influence and Early Christians

While this theory is prevalent, it's important to consider other factors. One such factor is the political and religious landscape of the time. The early Christians did not have the political structure of the Republican Party, which could have discouraged communal living. Instead, they were driven by their faith and the belief that the end of the world was near.

Essene Influence

Some scholars propose that the early Christians brought with them practices from the Essenes, a group known for their communal living and opposition to the official Temple authorities. The Essenes primarily lived in the Qumran settlement near the Dead Sea, and their communal lifestyle was detailed in the Dead Sea Scrolls. It's possible that many of these early Christians were themselves Essenes, or had strong Essene influences.

Second Coming and Continuation of Communal Living

Another factor in early Christian communal living was the belief in the imminent Second Coming of Christ. This belief prompted individuals to live communally, as they did not see a need to maintain their separate lives. When it became clear that the Second Coming was not imminent, many returned to normal living. However, communal living did resurface during the rise of monastic orders, reflecting a renewed sense of spiritual dedication among Christians.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the communal living of early Christians as described in the Book of Acts is a complex phenomenon influenced by both internal and external factors. It reflects a unique blend of faith, community, and history. The practice of communal living among these early Christians offers valuable insights into the beliefs and practices of one of the most influential religions in human history.