Can We Use Defined Terms in Our Definitions?

Lexicography, or the study of dictionaries and the formation of definitions, often grapples with intriguing questions, especially when it comes to defining terms that may have multiple meanings or are commonly known. One such question is whether using a defined term in its own definition is permissible. This article explores the nuances of this issue, providing insights for those interested in excellent lexicographic practices.

Understanding the Definition of a Word

Driving at the core of lexicography is the desire to provide clear and accurate definitions. When a term has a broad range of meanings or can be used in multiple contexts, it becomes sensible to incorporate these meanings into the definition. For instance, defining the British pound sterling as a unit of currency derived from a pound weight of sterling silver is both informative and useful. In this case, the term 'pound' is used, but its broader meaning in terms of weight is distinguished from its narrow meaning within money. However, this approach is only valid if the term has multiple, distinct meanings.

Avoiding Circular Definitions

One common pitfall in lexicography is the creation of a circular definition. A circular definition essentially repeats the word being defined, such as 'a cat is a cat,' which does not provide any additional information. Similarly, a definition like 'a cat is this that and the other and which behaves in a catty manner' is also circular since 'catty' merely reiterates 'cat' without broader explanation.

To circumvent this, lexicographers typically avoid using the defined word within the definition. It is more effective to use simpler and broader vocabulary. For example, instead of defining 'define' as 'to define,' a more useful definition might include the description of what it entails without directly using the term itself.

Exceptions to the Rule

Despite the general rule against self-referential definitions, there are scenarios where a term can be useful in defining another term. These exceptions are usually found in specific, technical contexts where the term's use is inherent to the syntax or semantics. For example, defining 'the' as the definite article used to denote a specific or particular noun is somewhat self-referential but still useful and clear.

Lexicographical Challenges

Words like 'a,' 'the,' 'is,' and the like pose unique challenges in defining. These are foundational words that are difficult to explain without incorporating them into the definition itself. For instance, defining 'a' as 'the first letter of the English alphabet' and not a vowel is a clear, though slightly convoluted, attempt to avoid circularity. The same applies to defining 'the,' which naturally requires the use of 'the' itself to explain its significance.

The challenge of defining such terms underscores the complexity of lexicography. While circular definitions are generally avoided, the subtlety of language means that sometimes unavoidable self-reference is necessary for clarity and precision.

Conclusion: The Importance of Clarity in Lexicography

Lexicography is not mere wordplay but an essential tool in communication. By adhering to principles such as avoiding circular definitions and using simpler vocabulary, lexicographers ensure accuracy and clarity. However, recognizing exceptions and understanding the complexity involved is crucial for creating definitions that are both informative and effective.

Understanding the lexicographic art allows writers, scholars, and readers to navigate the rich and diverse language with greater ease. Whether using a term in its definition can be an engaging and insightful exercise is a matter of context, but the primary goal remains clear communication.