Unique Case of Former Presidents and Their Secret Service Protection
In the realm of U.S. presidential history, Richard Nixon stands as a notable exception for his decision to forgo federal protection from the Secret Service after leaving office. This article delves into the reasons behind this unusual choice and provides a broader context on the evolution of Secret Service protection for former presidents.
The Evolution of Secret Service Protection
The Secret Service, established in 1865 by President Abraham Lincoln, initially had a singular focus on combating counterfeiting. However, the organization's role expanded significantly over the years, particularly following the assassinations of Presidents Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy. Yet, until 1902, former presidents did not receive any protection from the Secret Service.
Richard Nixon: A Pioneer in Refusing Protection
Richard Nixon, in particular, made history in 1985 as the first and (so far) only former president to refuse Secret Service protection. Prior to Nixon, the Secret Service's role in protecting former presidents was non-existent. Nixon's decision stemmed from a variety of factors, but the primary reason was cost efficiency. According to reports, Nixon's protection costs the government around three million dollars annually. Thus, by hiring his own private security, Nixon aimed to save the government a considerable sum.
Legislative Changes and Recent Developments
The Former Presidents Protection Act of 2012, signed by President Obama, marked a significant change. This legislation extended Secret Service protection for former presidents and their families indefinitely, provided they served as president after 1997. This means that former presidents like George W. Bush and future presidents can rely on the Secret Service for their protection for life. Prior to this, former presidents received protection for only 10 years, if they served after 1997.
Jimmy Carter and the Mystery of Waived Protection
Another interesting case is that of Jimmy Carter. Many people believe that Jimmy Carter waived his right to Secret Service protection, but this appears to be a subject of debate. While there is evidence that Carter chose to forgo protection in certain situations, it is unclear if he officially waived his rights. A thorough search on the web has not yielded definitive evidence to support this claim.
Truman: The Last President Without Post-Presidential Protection?
Before Nixon and Jimmy Carter, there were several presidents who did not have post-presidential protection during the Secret Service's early years. Harry Truman is often cited as the last president to not have this protection, although it is not officially documented for all prior presidents. Truman did receive some form of protection, but it was not routine or guaranteed like it is today.
Conclusion
Richard Nixon's decision to forgo Secret Service protection is indeed a unique aspect of U.S. presidential history. Nixon's choice stands as a notable example of a president's personal agency in making decisions regarding post-presidential security. As the Secret Service's role in protecting former presidents has evolved, it has underscored the balancing act between government expense and former presidents' security needs. With the 2012 protection act, President Obama ensured that future presidents and their families would receive continued protection, further solidifying this balance.