Introduction
Why is Iceland no longer part of Denmark but Greenland still is? The countries have different historical, cultural, and political developments that explain their current political statuses. This article examines the unique paths that Iceland and Greenland have taken, highlighting the reasons behind Iceland's full independence and Greenland's quest for increased autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark.
Understanding the Current Status
Iceland's Path to Independence
Greenland dreams of independence, but it faces significant challenges. Currently, it lacks the resources to replace the substantial financial support it receives annually from Denmark, which makes up half of its state budget. Without this support, Greenland would lose its military capabilities and the protection under NATO. Additionally, the cultural and historical ties to the Danish royal family would weaken, leaving Greenland vulnerable to other countries seeking to increase their influence in the Arctic. Consequently, Greenland recognizes that independence might not be the best option at this moment.
Iceland's Independence Journey
Iceland, on the other hand, has a clear path to full independence. It became independent in 1944, after a period of national awakening and geopolitical change. Historical Context: After the Treaty of Kiel in 1814, Denmark retained control over its colonies, including Iceland, following its loss of Norway to Sweden.
Independence Movement: Iceland experienced a strong nationalistic movement throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This culminated in 1904 when Iceland gained home rule from Denmark. In 1944, during World War II, when Denmark was under German occupation, Iceland formally declared itself a republic and achieved full independence.
Post-War Developments: On June 17, 1944, Iceland officially declared itself a republic and has since been fully independent, with its own government and constitution.
Greenland's Path to Greater Autonomy
While Greenland seeks greater autonomy, it remains a part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Historical Context: Greenland was also a Danish colony, but its status was different from Iceland's. It was declared a Danish colony in the early 18th century and remained under Danish control.
Home Rule: In 1979, Greenland was granted home rule, giving it significant autonomy. The status retains close ties to Denmark without full independence. Currently, Greenland continues to push for more self-governance, particularly through the 2009 Self-Government Act, which granted it more control over its affairs while maintaining ties with Denmark.
Summary and Conclusion
In essence, Iceland pursued and achieved full independence during a period of national awakening and geopolitical change, while Greenland has opted for a status that allows for greater self-governance within the framework of the Kingdom of Denmark. Both regions have different historical trajectories that have influenced their current political statuses.
Conclusion
The contrasting paths of Iceland and Greenland illustrate the complex interplay of historical, cultural, and political factors that shape a nation's journey towards independence or autonomy. Understanding these dynamics can provide insights into the future of both countries and their relationships with Denmark.