Understanding the Complexities of Denmark’s Relationships with Iceland and Greenland

Denmark's relationships with Iceland and Greenland have been complex throughout history, often misunderstood. Many believe that Denmark sold these territories, but this is far from the truth. This article explores the historical context and the current standing of Denmark's relations with Iceland and Greenland.

The Mistaken Belief: Denmark Sold Iceland and Greenland

Contrary to popular belief, Denmark never sold Iceland. Iceland gained independence in 1918 but initially remained within the Danish realm. It was only during World War II that Iceland declared itself a republic, despite the Danish king's wishes. Similarly, Greenland is not owned by Denmark; it is an autonomous territory under its own citizens and recognized by the Danish monarchy.

However, Denmark did sell some of its colonial possessions to the United States. In 1917, after being pressured by the US, Denmark sold the West Indies (now the US Virgin Islands) due to World War I. This sale was primarily to protect Danish sovereignty. The majority of the Danish people still regret this decision today.

The Historical Context

After suffering defeat to Prussia in 1864, Denmark experienced a surge in democratic sentiment, advocating for autonomy for ethnicities. In 1874, Iceland received extended home rule, and by the 1920s and 1930s, negotiations were underway that allowed Iceland to break free from the Kingdom at any point. The outbreak of World War II cut diplomatic ties with Iceland, and in 1944, Iceland declared itself a republic. This move was a direct result of the severed ties and the political situation.

Greenland and the Faroe Islands, on the other hand, have gradually gained more independence. While 100% independence is not possible due to their small populations, Denmark is willing to grant full independence to these territories if the majority of their populations desire it. Both Greenland and the Faroe Islands currently have near-autonomy for internal affairs.

Autonomy and Independence Movements

Iceland, from as early as the 10th century, was a self-governing country. Even when faced with difficult times, caused by deteriorating climate conditions, Iceland managed to maintain its independence under Norwegian and then Danish rule. In 1918, Iceland's status was reaffirmed as a separate country, with the Danish king continuing as head of state for 25 years. Since 1943, Iceland has been a fully independent republic.

Similarly, the Faroe Islands and Greenland have been granted significant autonomy. Both territories have their own legislative assemblies and control over many internal matters, such as education, healthcare, and local governance. However, they still recognize the Danish monarchy and maintain diplomatic and economic ties with Denmark.

Conclusion

While the relationships between Denmark and Iceland and Greenland have evolved over time, it is clear that the current standing is one of autonomy rather than ownership. Iceland and Greenland both have strong independence movements, but a majority for immediate independence is not currently present. Denmark remains committed to providing support and maintaining close relationships with these territories.

Understanding these historical and political contexts is crucial for a balanced perspective on the current state of Denmark's relationships with Iceland and Greenland.