Understand Japan’s Foundation Day: A Closer Look at Celebrations, Historical Context, and Political Implications
Japan, a nation with a rich history and unique cultural identity, does not have a widely recognized independence day akin to other countries. This is because Japan never faced colonization in the way that many other nations did. Instead, Japan celebrates its National Foundation Day (Kenkoku Kinen no Hi) on February 11, marking the foundation of the nation and the ascension of its first emperor, Emperor Jimmu, according to Japanese mythology.
The Myth and Reality of Japan's Foundation Day
National Foundation Day (Kenkoku Kinen no Hi) commemorates the event that marks the beginning of Japan as a nation, which, according to Sakuzushi Kanna, involves the descent of Emperor Jimmu from heaven and his ascension as the first emperor. However, it is important to note that this date was derived from the former Lunar New Year, and thus the current date of February 11 was converted to the modern Gregorian calendar.
A Ambiguous Historical Marker: Creation Post-Meiji Restoration
The observance of February 11 as National Foundation Day was created in the post-Meiji Restoration period as part of efforts to foster a sense of national identity and the emergence of a modern nation-state. Prior to this, the old Lunar New Year was celebrated but did not carry the same significance as it does today. During the post-World War II occupation, the GHQ (General Headquarters) banned the celebration due to its association with Shintoism and Japanese militarism. However, following Japan’s recovery and resurgence, National Foundation Day was revived.
Political Divides and Symbolism
The celebration of National Foundation DayRising Sun Flag on February 11, it is a strong indicator of a conservative political inclination. In contrast, those with left-leaning political views prefer to commemorate May 3rd, Constitution Memorial Day, another national holiday that celebrates the post-World War II constitution.
The Constitutional Implications
May 3rd is celebrated in connection with the adoption of Japan's current constitution. This constitution, influenced by European republics, includes Article 9, which renounces war as a sovereign right of the nation. Opponents of the constitution often reference this article (Article 9) as a fetter imposed by the United States, symbolizing the American influence on post-war Japan's political and legal frameworks. Conversely, supporters of the constitution view it as a cornerstone of Japan's post-war prosperity and a safeguard against the revival of militarism.
Conclusion
National Foundation Day in Japan is a nuanced celebration that reflects the nation's complex historical and political context. While it commemorates the founding of Japan as a sovereign state according to myth, its modern observance is heavily influenced by the post-War geopolitical factors that shaped contemporary Japan. The celebration of this day and others like it continues to be a site of significant political debate and reflection within the country.