Understanding Eligibility for Voting by Absentee Ballot

How many people are eligible to vote by absentee ballot? The answer to this question varies significantly depending on the state and the local regulations in place. While some states adopt a more stringent approach, others have made significant strides in simplifying the process for eligible voters.

Statewise Overview of Absentee Voting

It's important to note that the landscape of absentee voting is complex and varies widely across the United States. For instance, in Washington, all voting is conducted by "absentee" or mail ballots, with no in-person polling locations. This state's approach is unique and sets a clear example for simpler voter certification processes.

Approximate Eligibility for Mailed-Out Ballots

Consider the nine US jurisdictions that automatically mail ballots to all registered voters. These are California (CA), Colorado (CO), District of Columbia (DC), Hawaii (HI), Nevada (NV), Oregon (OR), Utah (UT), Vermont (VT), and Washington (WA). Collectively, these jurisdictions account for about 18% of all US registered voters, or approximately 39 million eligible voters.

Adding seven additional states that recently joined the ranks of "no excuse - single sign-up" states—Arizona (AZ), Illinois (IL), Maryland (MD), Michigan (MI), Montana (MT), New Jersey (NJ), and Virginia (VA)—totals another 18% of registered voters, approximately 37 million. Combining both groups, the total reaches over 36% of all US registered voters, a significant portion of the electorate.

Inclusion of Additional Eligible Voters

Further, consider the 20 "no excuse" absentee states, which account for about 71 million voters or 34% of all US registered voters. Another subcategory includes voters over 60 or 65, often granted exceptions with age excused ballots. This group comprises approximately 15 million additional voters, bringing the total number of potentially eligible voters through these various categories to about 160 million to 170 million, or 75% of all US registered voters.

Evolution of Absentee Voting Regulations

The landscape of absentee voting regulations has significantly evolved over the years. Historically, many states required voters to provide a valid and verifiable reason for needing an absentee ballot, such as medical reasons or plans to be out of town for extended periods. However, modern state regulations often have loosened these restrictions, enabling easier access to absentee ballots.

Today, many states have extended early voting periods, which include weekends in most states, thereby making the voting process more accessible to all eligible citizens. Many states now allow residents to apply for an absentee ballot based on any reasonable excuse, such as work commitments, medical reasons, or personal convenience. Some states have gone even further, assuming no valid reason is required, and merely requesting a ballot for all registered voters.

While these changes have made it easier for voters to cast their ballots, it's essential to recognize that not all eligible voters may apply, and some who do receive a ballot may choose not to vote. Therefore, the actual number of voters taking advantage of absentee voting can vary.

Conclusion

The landscape of absentee voting in the United States is a testament to the ongoing efforts to increase voter participation and accessibility. States are continuously evolving their regulations to simplify the process, covering all eligible voters with a variety of options. Understanding the specific requirements and available resources in one's state can help ensure that individuals can cast their ballots with ease and confidence.