Understanding Defection Patterns of North Korean Soldiers in Russia
Introduction: Questions often arise about why North Koreans stationed in Russia do not defect in large numbers, given the widely known poor living conditions back home. This article explores the complex factors that influence defection patterns and provides insights into the socio-political dynamics at play.
Why Defecting Is Not So Simple
Defection is a complex issue that involves significant personal and familial risks. North Koreans deployed to Russia find themselves in a unique situation where defecting would not only jeopardize their own freedom but also lead to severe consequences for their loved ones left behind. Specifically, if a North Korean defectors, their relatives in North Korea may face imprisonment and restricted job opportunities for generations.
Political and Societal Barriers
The primary reason why North Koreans stationed in Russia do not defect en masse is rooted in the socio-political structure of North Korea. Here are some key factors:
Family and Social Links: Most North Koreans still have significant family members living in the country. Defecting would immediately and directly harm these relatives, potentially leading to imprisonment and hardship. The fear of such repercussions acts as a powerful deterrent. Political Reliability Screening: As part of their deployment, North Koreans are thoroughly screened for political reliability. Those who successfully pass these tests are treated better than the average North Korean, with improved living standards and access to better food. Hostage Strategy: North Korea commonly practices the 'hostage' strategy when its citizens work abroad. Family members left behind are potential hostages, used as leverage. Defection in Russia would result in these family members facing severe punishment. Community Surveillance: Peer pressure and surveillance are ever-present in such close-knit communities. Any reported defection triggers rigorous interrogations, further increasing the psychological barriers to leaving.Timeline and Context
The recent deployment of North Korean soldiers to Russia has followed a pattern observed previously. Their journey can be broken down as follows:
Initial Deployment: Initially, North Koreans deployed to Russia have a period of adjustment and integration. Screening Process: Extensive checks and screenings are conducted to ensure only loyal and politically reliable individuals are sent on such missions. Better Living Conditions: Deployed soldiers enjoy improved living standards and better food, which are not available within North Korea. Hostage Element: Family members left behind in North Korea are the real hostages, providing leverage to prevent defections. Watchful Community: There is constant surveillance and peer pressure within the community, making defection a highly undesirable option.Potential for Change
The situation may evolve if these soldiers are deployed to fight in Ukraine. Here, defections are more likely:
Familial Involvement: The risk of revealing a family member in Ukraine significantly lowers the financial and personal incentives to defect. Cumulative Effect: Among the soldiers, there are likely those who have not left behind any family members, removing a critical deterrent. Increased Risk for Defectors: Defecting becomes a double-edged sword, not just for the individual but also for their family back in Russia. However, the combined environment of war and potential deportation back to North Korea might prompt more individuals to take the risk.In conclusion, while the risk of defection exists, the socio-political and familial ties that bind North Koreans act as potent deterrents. The potential for change emerges when the context and circumstances alter, offering more compelling reasons for individuals to leave.