Understanding Ammonium Sulfide: Formula, Properties, and Uses
Introduction
Ammonium sulfide is a chemical compound with a unique structure and a wide range of applications in various industries. The chemical formula for ammonium sulfide is text{NH}_4text{}_2text{S}, consisting of two ammonium ions (NH4 ) and one sulfide ion (S2-).
Formula and Molar Mass
The correct formula for ammonium sulfide, commonly known as Ammonium Sulfate, is NH_4_2SO_4. It is an ionic compound with a molecular weight of 132.14 g/mol according to its chemical structure and formula.
Chemical Name and IUPAC Name
The IUPAC name for NH_4_2SO_4 is Diazanium Sulfate. This name comes from the derived cation Diazonium, so named by analogy with nitrosonium. It is important to note that while the terms Ammonium Sulfide and Diazanium Sulfate can be used interchangeably, the correct chemical nomenclature and standard are Ammonium Sulfate.
Properties and Uses
Food and Beverage: Ammonium Sulfate, as a key ingredient, is deemed safe for use and considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It is used in flour and bread as a modifier and acidity regulator. In the food processing industry, this compound is a useful ingredient due to its ability to enhance the quality of various food products.
Water Treatment: Ammonium Sulfate plays a crucial role in water treatment processes. When combined with chlorine, it can produce monochloramine, a commonly used disinfectant in drinking water. This process not only ensures the safety of water but also helps in the effective removal of harmful bacteria.
Pharmaceutical Industry: The compound is listed as an ingredient in some U.S. vaccines as recognized by the Center for Disease Control. It serves both as a preserving agent and in the formulation of various vaccine components.
Flame Retardant Applications: Ammonium Sulfate can act as a highly effective flame retardant, significantly increasing the ignition temperature of materials and reducing the maximum weight loss rate during combustion. It also facilitates the formation of a char layer that helps in reducing the spread of fire. Its effectiveness as a flame retardant can be further enhanced by mixing it with Ammonium sulfamate.
Other Applications: Historically, Ammonium Sulfate has been used in wood preservation. However, due to issues such as metal corrosion, dimensional instability, and finish failures, this application has been largely discontinued.
Reaction and Formation: Ammonium Sulfate is typically formed by the reaction of ammonia gas (NH3) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This reaction is exothermic, with a change in enthalpy (ΔH20C) of -276.0 kJ and a change in free energy (ΔG20C) of -181.6 kJ, indicating that the reaction proceeds spontaneously under standard conditions.
Concluding Remarks
Ammonium Sulfate, with its versatile properties and wide range of applications, remains a crucial chemical in numerous industrial sectors. Understanding its formula, properties, and uses is essential for effective utilization and application in modern industries.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the chemical formula for Ammonium Sulfide?
The chemical formula for Ammonium Sulfide, or more accurately Ammonium Sulfate, is NH_4_2SO_4.
What is the IUPAC name for Ammonium Sulfate?
The IUPAC name for Ammonium Sulfate is Diazanium Sulfate.
How is Ammonium Sulfate used in the food industry?
In the food industry, Ammonium Sulfate is used as an acidity regulator and flour improver, enhancing the quality and extending the shelf life of various food products.