Turkish Diplomats' Courage in Saving Jewish Lives: A Forgotten Act of Humanity
During the Second World War, Turkish diplomats played a crucial role in offering refuge to Jewish individuals fleeing persecution. This act of courage has largely been overlooked, yet it presents a powerful narrative of humanitarianism and defiance against tyranny.
Neutral Standing and Strategic Position
Turkey was officially neutral during the war, allowing it the freedom to engage with and provide aid to various groups, including Jewish refugees. Unlike many other countries, Turkey did not align itself with any particular side, positioning itself in a unique and advantageous diplomatic stance. This neutrality allowed Turkish officials to act with more flexibility and less political constraint.
Academic Rehabilitation
One of the early efforts by Turkish officials to support Jewish refugees involved academic rehabilitation. In 1933, following the introduction of Nazi Germany's 'Law for Reestablishing the Position of Civil Servants', which led to the dismissal of many Jewish professors, Turkey offered them positions at Istanbul University. According to statistics, around 29 out of the 650 professors who emigrated due to Nazi persecution were able to find refuge in Turkey, marking a significant segment of the diaspora finding solace within its borders.
The Efforts of Namk Kemal Yolga
During the Nazi occupation of France, Namk Kemal Yolga, the Turkish Consul General to Paris, took direct action to save Jewish lives. He distributed documents to Jews, declaring them as Turkish citizens and safeguarding their property, thereby nullifying the Nazis' authority over them. This act, though never widely publicized, saved many lives and became a symbol of humanity amidst wartime chaos.
The Impact of Behi Erkin
Behi Erkin, the ambassador of Vichy, France, saved approximately 20,000 Jewish lives by transporting them to Turkey via train. A letter of thanks from Leon Blum, former French Prime Minister, is preserved in the Republican History Museum at Ankara University. Erkin's actions highlight the significant role diplomats played in facilitating escape routes and safe havens for persecuted Jews.
The Role of Necdet Kent
Necdet Kent, as the Vice Consul General in Marseille from 1941 to 1944, demonstrated exceptional courage and dedication in saving Turkish Jews and other refugees. In a dramatic incident, Kent confronted German guards at a train station, demanding the release of detained Turkish citizens. His persistence resulted in the release of over 200 individuals, showcasing the transformative power of a single individual's conviction.
Consulate of Rhodes under Selahattin ülkümen
Selahattin ülkümen, the Consul of Rhodes, furthered the humanitarian efforts in saving 200 Jews from being deported to Auschwitz. The survival of 1,700 Jewish individuals in Rhodes before the war underscores the impact of targeted intervention by Turkish diplomats. ülkümen's actions, alongside those of his colleagues, highlight the significant role of consular work in providing immediate assistance and protection.
Legacy of Turkish Diplomacy
The stories of these diplomats underscore the undeniable contributions of Turkish officials to the broader movement of saving Jewish lives during World War II. Beyond individual acts of heroism, their actions reflect a broader commitment to humanitarian principles and international cooperation.
Closing Thoughts
As we reflect on the legacy of Turkish diplomacy during World War II, it is important to recognize the crucial contributions made by these individuals. Their efforts serve as a reminder of the enduring power of compassion, justice, and courage in the face of adversity. These stories not only highlight the forgotten acts of humanity but also illuminate the pathways through which individuals can make a profound impact on the lives of others.