The Versatile Role of Tanks in the Vietnam War: An Eyewitness Account

In the Vietnam War, tanks played a multifaceted role, often serving as both offensive and defensive weapons. My experience as a member of the 1st Armored Division (AD) in 1974 and the Central Highlands in 1965 provided firsthand insight into the complex and varied duties these armored vehicles undertook. This article delves into the various roles tanks played in the Vietnam War, focusing on the M48A3 main battle tank and the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment.

The Difficulties Faced by Tank Crews

Despite the challenging environment and inadequate training, tank crews faced numerous dangers and logistical issues. One of the most stressful scenarios was when my E5 hit 11 mines in 1974. The first mine, in particular, caused such a jolt that he 'crapped his pants,' illustrating the severe physical and psychological strain on soldiers. Similarly, an E6's vehicle was blown up by a 250lb dud-rigged mine, causing significant fatalities among the crew. These incidents underscore the critical importance of skilled personnel and the deadly nature of the battles fought in Vietnam.

Role of Tanks in Artillery Support

Tanks were versatile weapons that could perform various roles. Particularly prominent were the M48A3 tanks used by the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. In 1974, we used these tanks not only for direct combat but also for indirect artillery support. By attaching dozer blades to our tanks, we were able to create firing positions. A dozer tank would lift the front of the M48A3, thus increasing the elevation of the gun and extending its range. This method allowed us to stay in position for longer periods, providing continuous support to forward observers.

Tanks in Search and Destroy Missions

During search and destroy missions, the M48A3s often moved ahead of infantry units. These tanks would position themselves strategically in the jungle, camouflaged among trees, with a clear path in front. With engines silenced, the tanks would remain motionless as the infantry swept through the jungle, driving enemy forces towards the tanks. When necessary, we would patrol ahead of the troops, using a zigzag pattern to disrupt booby traps and mines. Despite the danger, the M48A3s could handle many of these hazards due to their durability and size.

Threats and Countermeasures

One of the primary threats to tanks in the Vietnam War was the use of mines and booby traps. Many of these devices were hidden and required careful handling. For example, VC would often plant mines by removing sections of asphalt and replacing them with crudely made burlap bags filled with C-4. These mines posed a significant threat to convoys, and our tanks often had to clear the highway before they could proceed. We would perform 'thunder runs,' driving at high speed and firing machine guns to detonate mines. This was a nerve-wracking task that required near-perfect coordination among the crew members.

Mines in Combat Zones

Another critical aspect of the war was the hunt for mines. In areas where visibility was limited by the triple canopy, tanks would serve as mobile mine detectors. By driving up and down sections of the highway at night with infrared searchlights, we could catch the enemy in the act of planting mines. In one notable incident, a Vietnamese soldier was spotted planting a mine, and we neutralized him with a .50-caliber machine gun. These guerrilla tactics required both skill and bravery from the tank crews.

Medevac and Resupply Missions

In addition to combat duties, M48A3s also performed essential support roles. During the war, we often acted as medevacs, transporting wounded soldiers to safety. We would also retrieve Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols (LRRPs) when other means of transportation were not available. These missions were critical for maintaining morale and ensuring the safety of all personnel involved.

Conclusion

The M48A3 tanks of the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment played a crucial and multifaceted role in the Vietnam War. From providing artillery support to conducting search and destroy missions, they were indispensable in various combat situations. Despite the challenges and dangers they faced, the tank crews demonstrated remarkable skill and bravery in the line of duty. The lessons learned in Vietnam continue to shape modern military tactics and strategies.

Note: Personal experiences shared in this article are based on the author's eyewitness account and may not represent the experiences of all members of the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment.