The Loyalist Exodus: Desertion During the American Revolutionary War

During the American Revolutionary War, approximately 42,000 English Redcoats deserted their posts. This article explores the journeys of these deserters, their reasons for leaving, and the resulting outcomes. By examining the destinations and consequences faced by these soldiers, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of the war and the experiences of those who were loyal to the British Crown.

Common Destinations of Deserters

Many deserters sought refuge in areas sympathetic to the American cause or those where they could blend in with local populations. Here are some of the most common destinations:

1. American Colonies

Deserters chose to join the Continental Army or local militias. Their decisions were often motivated by ideological reasons, such as support for independence or a desire to escape the harsh conditions of military life. The American colonies became a sanctuary for those disillusioned with British rule.

2. Canada

Some deserters fled to British-held Canada, where they could potentially find safety and return to British military service or settle among loyalist communities. This action provided a buffer zone and a safe haven for those who wished to remain loyal to the Crown.

3. Other Foreign Territories

A few deserters may have sought refuge in other territories controlled by Britain or sympathetic nations such as France or Spain. However, these options were limited and less appealing due to the complexities of international relations during the time.

Consequences for Deserters

Deserters found themselves in precarious situations, especially if they were stranded in foreign territory. Their experiences varied depending on the local climate and the stance towards British soldiers:

1. Local Support

In areas sympathetic to the American cause, deserters might find support from local patriots. These individuals often assisted them in integrating into civilian life or joining revolutionary forces. This camaraderie and mutual aid were crucial for the survival of these deserters.

2. Harsh Treatment

In less sympathetic regions, deserters could face hostility, arrest, or violence from loyalists or local authorities. The lack of support and the oppressive environment made their situation challenging and often perilous.

3. British Retribution

If caught, deserters faced severe punishment from their own military. Penalties could include imprisonment, hard labor, or even execution. The British army had strict policies against desertion and actively sought to punish those who fled.

Survival Strategies

Many deserters had to adopt new identities, avoid detection, and sometimes rely on the goodwill of locals to survive. Some may have engaged in farming or other trades to support themselves. The ability to integrate into civilian life was essential for their survival.

A Broader Perspective

While the narrative often focuses on the conflict between the Red Coats and the Patriots, the war was more complex. On the British side were both regular troops and American Loyalists, as well as militia skirmishers, irregular forces, American Aboriginals, hired German troops, and even freed slaves who had fled from their Patriot oppressors to fight in the King's army. The involvement of these diverse groups, especially the slaves, adds another layer to the narrative of the American Revolutionary War.

Understanding the broader context of the war and the experiences of those who were loyal to the Crown provides a more nuanced and comprehensive view. The loyalty of these soldiers to the British Crown, despite the hardships and dangers, is a testament to the complexities of the time.