The Historical Journey of Calabar as the Colonial Capital of Nigeria

Calabar, a city in southern Nigeria, has a rich history that is intertwined with the colonial period of the 19th century. This article explores how Calabar became the capital of the Oil Rivers Protectorate and how its status changed over time, ultimately leading to the capital's shift to Lagos.

Early Colonial Era

In the early 1800s, Calabar emerged as a significant port and trade center, particularly for the palm oil trade. Its strategic location made it an essential hub for British traders and missionaries. The city's early importance in trade was a crucial factor in its rise to prominence during the colonial period.

Capital of Oil Rivers Protectorate

The area around Calabar became part of the Oil Rivers Protectorate in 1884, established by the British to regulate trade and protect their interests along the Niger River. Calabar was subsequently declared the capital of this protectorate, serving as the administrative center for British colonial activities in the region.

Transfer of Capital

By 1900, the Oil Rivers Protectorate was merged with the Lagos Colony to form the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Lagos then became the new capital of this entity. However, Calabar continued to play a significant role as a regional center until the capital was moved permanently to Lagos.

Legacy of Calabar

Although Calabar is no longer the capital, it retains its importance as a cultural and historical city in Nigeria. It is renowned for its rich heritage and serves as a center for tourism and the arts. This legacy is a testament to its pivotal role during the colonial era.

Further Reading:

“The History of Calabar and Its Role in Colonial Nigeria” by Dr. Samuel Ogunlade “From Oil Rivers to Southern Nigeria: The Shift in Colonial Capital” by Professor James Omoregie “Calabar: The Cradle of Southern Nigerian Heritage” by Dr. Tom Omoigui

Understanding Calabar's historical journey provides insights into the complex dynamics of colonial history and the evolution of modern Nigeria.

Conclusion

Calabar played a critical role as the capital of the Oil Rivers Protectorate and later the Southern Protectorate. Despite the shift of the capital to Lagos, its importance as a cultural and historical center remains unparalleled. This journey is a fascinating narrative of colonial administration and the development of Nigeria.