The Etymology and Context of British High and Afternoon Teas

When it comes to British tea culture, the terms 'high tea' and 'afternoon tea' are often misunderstood. Americans frequently interchange 'high tea' with 'afternoon tea,' leading to confusion. However, these terms have specific origins and meanings rooted in both societal norms and the British dining experience. This article delves into the etymology and cultural context behind these terms to provide a clear understanding.

Understanding 'Afternoon Tea'

The term 'afternoon tea' refers to a light meal of dainty sandwiches and cake, accompanied by tea. Typically enjoyed between 4:00 pm and 5:00 pm, it is often associated with the leisured upper classes. In its traditional form, afternoon tea can include small sandwiches, scones, jam, and clotted cream, all served with a variety of teas. This feast is seen as a social occasion to bring people together and is often served in a living room, atop a low table like a coffee table.

The Origin of 'High Tea'

'High tea' refers to a substantial meal, primarily consumed by the working classes. In contrast to afternoon tea, high tea is more of a proper meal and is usually enjoyed after a day's work. It typically includes at least one cooked course, such as ham, eggs, meat pie, or bread and butter, and is often accompanied by hard cider or beer. The term 'high tea' comes from the fact that the meal is traditionally served at a high dining table, where the entire meal was laid out. Conversely, afternoon tea was often served on a lower coffee table.

Historically, British culture is class-driven, and seating arrangements for meals were reflective of social status. Restaurants would have different height chairs, and wealthy individuals adhered to an honor code to avoid social ostracism. Sitting in a chair higher than one's station could result in social consequences, such as being shunned or even relocating to France.

The Terms 'Low Tea'

Interestingly, there is no such thing as 'low tea' in the traditional sense, at least not in the British context. While 'afternoon tea' is associated with a low table setting, the term 'low tea' is rarely used, if ever, outside satirical contexts. Many salad days this term is seen as a joke or a humorous comparison to the more formal 'high tea.'

Historical Evolution

Over time, the upper classes developed their own version of high tea, further solidifying the distinction between the two. While the traditional high tea remains a meal for the working classes with a substantial portion of the meal being cooked, afternoon tea has become a more specialized and leisurely affair.

Conclusion

Symbols of British cultural heritage, both 'afternoon tea' and 'high tea' carry deep historical and social significances. Understanding the nuances between these terms can enhance one's appreciation of British culinary traditions and social norms.