Introduction: The Future of Recreational Marijuana Legalization in the U.S.

The end game for recreational marijuana legalization in the U.S. is the formal legal parity of cannabis with alcohol. This journey, however, is multi-layered and complex, involving various legal, regulatory, and societal changes. While prohibition ended with the repeal of alcohol prohibition in 1933, there are still areas in the U.S. where alcohol cannot be legally sold. Similarly, we can expect to see regions where cannabis remains illicit for some time. As we progress, the ultimate goal is to achieve equal treatment and regulation for both substances.

The Shift Towards Parity

A significant milestone in the journey towards cannabis legalization is the removal of cannabis from Schedule I status. This step is critical as it would enable interstate commerce in cannabis and allow for more research focused on its benefits rather than just its risks.

One of the key issues that needs to be addressed is the testing and regulation of cannabis use among federal employees. The standards should mirror those established for alcohol use, ensuring that the same degree of risk is demonstrated. This approach promotes fairness and reduces potential biases in enforcement.

Selective Enforcement and Equal Penalties

The selective enforcement of cannabis laws along class or ethnic lines is a significant concern. States must address these disparities in order to promote equity and justice. Moreover, the penalties for substance-related charges, such as driving under the influence (DUI) and child neglect, should be equivalent for cannabis and alcohol. Currently, some states have DUI laws that impose harsher penalties for cannabis use compared to alcohol, even when the actual driving risk is lower.

Investment in Research and Funding

There is a general inclination towards research that focuses on the risks of cannabis use, while funding for studies on its potential health benefits and safe usage guidelines remains limited. To achieve parity, there needs to be a more balanced distribution of research funds. The current imbalance, with almost all federal funds dedicated to risk research and little spent on potential benefits, needs to be addressed.

Policy Changes and Public Perception

As the legal landscape evolves, policymakers must address the needs of both alcohol abusers and cannabis users. While states currently tend to coddle alcohol abusers and impose harsher penalties on cannabis users, this dynamic is expected to change gradually. Greater research is needed to inform sound policy decisions, and some of these changes may be challenging for alcohol users, who might need stricter regulations targeting alcohol abuse.

For example, two-thirds of all legal malpractice cases involve alcohol abuse, and a survey found that 20% of police admitted to drinking on duty. Such behaviors may face tighter regulation in the future, with expanded mandatory testing and counseling requirements. Some states' DUI laws allow a higher level of impairment from alcohol users than from cannabis users, which can be remedied by adjustments in the legal limits or the application of other sobriety tests.

The Road Ahead

The path towards legal parity is not without challenges, but the eventual goal is to create a balanced, fair, and regulated environment for both cannabis and alcohol. As research continues and public perception shifts, we can move closer to achieving this end game. Whether it involves tightening controls on alcohol or loosening them on cannabis, the goal is to create a policy landscape that promotes responsible use and ensures public safety.