The Art of Choosing Between Words and Numerals in Writing

When I was in high school, my English teacher taught us the rule that in expository writing, three-word numbers should be written out in words while numbers longer than three words should be written in numerals. This rule seems straightforward, but in reality, the choice between using words and numerals is more nuanced, often depending on the context and the formality of the writing.

General Rules and Their Exceptions

In number-heavy writing, numerals are generally used. For instance:

I found forty-seven examples of grammar errors in that textbook. There were three hundred twelve items in the lost-and-found cupboard. Only 497 of the students in the school were able to attend the field day because of the storm. The soup kitchen served meals to 2704 individuals on Wednesday.

However, these rules can be flexible. The choice between words and numerals is heavily influenced by the type of writing and the intended audience. Here's a classic example: “The inventory included 12 hammers, 146 types of screws, and 2748 panels of siding.” In such a context, the use of numerals enhances readability and efficiency.

Formal vs. Informal Writing

The decision depends on the context. When you're writing informally to a friend, using numerals is generally okay, provided it doesn't make the text too fleeting. For instance:

t

Only 497 of the students in the school were able to attend the field day because of the storm.

However, if you're writing a formal paper or a report for work, most professional style guides suggest spelling out numbers under nine. For example:

t

Only 497 of the students in the school were able to attend the field day because of the storm.

These rules help maintain a consistent and professional tone. If you're unsure whether to use numerals or words, consider the following litmus test: if someone corrects you over a small detail like this, they might be overly critical about other aspects of the work. On the other hand, if they are overly critical of small details, they might be even more stringent in other areas. It's a seasonal issue, as the Bible's Ecclesiastes 3 says, "To everything there is a season."

Style Guide Guidelines

There are specific style guides that provide guidelines on number usage. The Associated Press (AP) style, for instance, calls for spelling out numbers one through nine in most cases and using figures for 10 and above. Other style manuals have their own rules, but it's rare for any to suggest using a numeral 1 in the context described in this question.

Conclusion

Choosing between using words and numerals is a subjective decision that depends heavily on the context and the type of writing. Balancing clarity and formality is key. Understanding these rules can help you write more effectively, whether you're dealing with a formal report or a casual letter.