Sufism in Morocco: Understanding the Predominance and Its Impact

Morocco has a unique blend of religious practices, with the majority of its Muslim population practicing Sufism. This article explores the prevalence of Sufism in Morocco, its impact on the country, and the role of Sunni Islam in the nation's religious landscape. By examining scholarly sources and official data, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the diverse religious landscape of Morocco.

The Predominance of Sufism in Morocco

Contrary to the misconception that most Muslims in Morocco follow Shi'ism, it is important to note that the majority of Morocco's Muslims adhere to Sufism. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) factbook states that approximately 99% of Morocco's population is Muslim, predominantly following the Maliki school of Sunni Islam.(Source: CIA Factbook)

Constitutional and Cultural Context

Morocco's constitutional and cultural context plays a significant role in the prevalence of Sufism. Sufism, with its emphasis on spiritual and heartfelt practices, has been traditionally supported by the Moroccan monarchy and the establishment. This support is evident in the numerous Sufi religious orders and lodges, such as the Boutchichiya lodge, which serve as a strong political and social pillar for the monarchy.

The Role of Sufism in Moroccan Society

Sufism, also known as Tariqat, in Morocco is deeply rooted in the country's history and culture. It is a form of Islam that focuses on a personal and spiritual relationship with God, which often includes more emotional and expressive practices than other Islamic traditions. Sufis in Morocco have historically spread moderate Islam to uneducated farmers and have been tolerant and open to other religious practices.

Shia Presence in Morocco

While the majority of Muslims in Morocco follow Sufism, there is a small Shia minority, primarily concentrated in the northern regions. According to the CIA factbook, there are less than 1% of Shia Muslims in Morocco, with a very small Christian and Jewish population.(Source: CIA Factbook) The government has allowed the presence of Moroccan Shi'ites under strict conditions of allegiance to the monarchy, emphasizing the government's role in maintaining religious and political stability.

Impact of Sufism on Moroccan Society

Moroccan Sufism, represented by Maraboutism, has played a significant role in shaping the country's social fabric. Maraboutism is a form of Sufism that is deeply integrated into the daily life of Moroccans. It involves spiritual leaders (marabouts) who are seen as both religious and moral authorities in the community.

Tolerant and Open Religion

The tolerant and open nature of Sufism has contributed to Morocco's reputation as a religiously peaceful and diverse nation. Many countries are now looking to Morocco for religious expertise, particularly in the field of imam training. The Moroccan Imam Academy in Rabat has gained worldwide recognition, with dozens of foreign students registering for training. This has further solidified Morocco's role as a stronghold against religious extremism.

The Arab Spring and Its Impact

The Arab Spring did not significantly affect Morocco, as the country's strong support for Sufism and Maraboutism helped maintain stability. The Sufi orders, which are numerous and influential, provided a moderating influence on the religious landscape, preventing the dominance of more radical Islamic groups. This stability is often referred to as the 'Moroccan exception' in the Muslim world.

Conclusion

Morocco's religious landscape is a complex interplay of various Islamic traditions, with Sufism being the dominant force. The government's support for Sufism and Maraboutism has helped maintain social and political stability, while also fostering a tolerant and open religious environment. The small Shia community, while recognized, operates under strict conditions to ensure national unity and stability.

Key Data on Moroccan Population and Religion

Population: 33,655,786 (July 2016 est.) Ethnic Groups: Arab-Berber (99%) and other (1%) Languages: Arabic (official), Berber languages (Tamazight, Tachelhit, Tarifit), and French (often used in business, government, and diplomacy) Religions: Muslim (99% - virtually all Sunni,

For a more detailed analysis, please visit the CIA Factbook or other reliable sources for additional information.