Shabbat Candles and Dinner Rituals: Understanding the Tradition

Is it customary to light candles at the dinner table during Shabbat meals?

No, it is not customary to light candles directly at the dinner table during Shabbat meals. Shabbat candles are typically lit well before dinner, approximately 18 minutes before sunset, in order to signify the beginning of Shabbat. This act of lighting the candles is about more than just creating a pleasant ambiance; it is an integral part of the separation of the work week from the day of rest, and it marks the entrance of Shabbat into the home.

Orthodox Halacha and Shabbat Candles

The requirement to light Shabbat candles a certain number of minutes before sunset is part of Orthodox halacha. In Orthodox households, candles are usually lit around the time when it is 18 minutes before sunset, or plag haminhagim. Lighting candles at this time ensures that the candles can burn for a sufficient length of time to conclude the Kiddush. This practice is followed to symbolize the transition from the workweek to the holy day of rest.

Customary Practices in Non-Orthodox Jewish Homes

In many Jewish homes that do not strictly adhere to Orthodox halacha, the practice of lighting Shabbat candles varies. Often, two candles are lit just before making the Kiddush and sitting down for the evening meal on Friday night, which is known as Erev Shabbat. This timing is a compromise between the strict observance of Orthodox Judaism and the more flexible schedules of the modern Jewish community. The candles are lit with a berachah (blessing) and serve to welcome Shabbat into the home.

Placement and Timing of Shabbat Candles

Candlesticks are typically placed in a fixed location in the home and not moved during Shabbat. This is because moving objects is one of the melachot (sacred works) that are prohibited on Shabbat. Therefore, while it is customary to light Shabbat candles well before dinner, they are often placed in a location away from the dining table to avoid the need for movement during the meal. Afterwards, when the candles are about to be extinguished, they may be moved to the table to allow the family to enjoy the light while concluding the Shabbat rituals.

Conclusion

Lighting Shabbat candles is an important tradition that marks the beginning of a day of rest and contemplation. Whether in Orthodox homes or those that observe a more flexible tradition, the lighting of Shabbat candles and the timing of this ritual are significant acts of spiritual practice. Understanding the customs and the symbolism behind these practices can help deepen one's connection to Jewish tradition and enhance the experience of Shabbat.