Naturalization as a US Citizen and Freedom of Movement Between Indonesia and the U.S.
When an Indonesian individual naturalizes as a US citizen, they open the door to various travel opportunities and privileges within the visa waiver program. While they are no longer eligible for dual citizenship under Indonesian law, they can leverage their US passport to move freely between Indonesia and the United States without the need for additional visas.
Enabling Freedom of Movement
Once an Indonesian citizen naturalizes in the United States, they can easily travel to Indonesia without any major obstacles. The process is generally straightforward if the individual ensures they have all necessary documents in order. Here’s how it typically works:
US Passport: Upon naturalization, the applicant receives a US passport, which is significantly more powerful than an Indonesian passport in terms of international travel. However, to travel to Indonesia, the individual must obtain a visa unless they are part of the Visa Waiver Program (VWP). Visa Waiver Program (VWP): If the VWP is available, the individual can enter Indonesia without a visa for up to 30 days. The Visa Waiver Program requires the individual to have a valid US passport and a digital photograph. Non-VWP: For longer stays or when the VWP is not applicable, a visa is required. The visa application process can vary and typically involves gathering certain documents and sometimes a medical examination.Immigrating to the U.S.
To become a naturalized US citizen, one must meet several criteria, including residing in the United States for a certain period, passing a knowledge and English test, and taking the Oath of Allegiance. This oath signifies the individual's commitment to the United States and its values, which can pose challenges for those who wish to maintain dual citizenship or continue loyalties to their home country.
Indonesian Law on Dual Citizenship
Indonesia, like several other countries, does not recognize dual citizenship in the traditional sense. This means that an Indonesian citizen cannot hold the citizenship of another country simultaneously unless they obtain a Limited Dual Indonesian Citizen Passport, which is only available to certain individuals, such as children under 18 who have a parent of foreign nationality.
Indonesia’s stance is strict: individuals who renounce their Indonesian citizenship, whether by choice or through naturalization in another country, lose their Indonesian citizenship. As such, naturalizing as a US citizen means giving up Indonesian citizenship and, conversely, the ability to return to Indonesia as an Indonesian citizen.
Changing the Law
There is growing interest in changing Indonesia’s dual citizenship laws, but this remains a complex issue. While the US government does not have strict policies against dual citizenship, countries like Indonesia may have their own regulations for the same.
The future of dual citizenship in Indonesia is uncertain. Legislation in 2006 stipulates that for children of mixed families, a “Limited dual citizenship” can be granted, but only until the age of 18. After that, one of the citizenships must be relinquished.
Conclusion
In summary, while naturalizing as a US citizen enables easier travel to Indonesia through the US passport, it does not necessarily enable freedom of movement in both directions due to the restrictions imposed by Indonesian law. However, the individual can utilize the US passport for visa waived entry, and a visa can be obtained for longer stays.
For more detailed information regarding visa requirements and the naturalization process, it is advisable to consult relevant government websites or seek legal advice from immigration attorneys.