Does the Modern U.S. Military Have Cavalry Horse Units?
The question about horse cavalry units in the modern American military is a fascinating one that delves into the changing nature of warfare and military traditions. In the past, cavalry units played a vital role in combat, but the modern military has largely transitioned away from mounted operations. However, the tradition of cavalry continues in a different form, particularly in ceremonial and specific operational roles.
The Modern Cavalry Tradition
The U.S. military today does not have active horse cavalry units in the traditional sense. Instead, the term "cavalry" is used to describe units that perform reconnaissance and security roles, employing modern technology and vehicles such as tanks and armored personnel carriers. For example, the 1st Cavalry Division's Horse Cavalry Detachment serves as an honor guard and ceremonial unit, but does not engage in active combat operations.
Ceremonial Units
Notably, some U.S. Army units do retain a connection to horses for ceremonial purposes. The 1st Cavalry Division has a Horse Cavalry Detachment that includes 40 troopers, 33 horses, 4 mules, one dog, a supply wagon, and one howitzer. This unit serves as an honor guard and performs traditional cavalry duties, reinforcing the rich history of the military.
Special Forces and Enhanced Horsemanship
Despite the absence of active cavalry units, the special forces in Afghanistan were trained in horsemanship and learned to care for their horses, often serving as their primary mode of transportation and support in remote areas. This training is captured in the 2018 12 Strong movie and the 2009 book Horse Soldiers.
Historical Context and Traditions
The tradition of horsemanship in the U.S. military dates back much further. In my father's experience, serving in the horse cavalry, much emphasis was placed on the welfare and care of the horse. Before eating or drinking, a soldier’s horse was provided for first. The horse's private parts were tended to and it was regularly cleaned and curried, a practice that even extended to the parade grounds.
A bugler's role was crucial, often riding up with the commander to use the bugle for communication. The horses were trained to respond to different bugle calls, allowing them to move or stop without the rider's direct input. This skill could be both a benefit and a burden, particularly on long days in the saddle. Soldiers might nod off on horseback, leading to unforeseen movements by the horses.
Traditions and Terminology
Due to the different roles horses played in the military, the term "cavalry" evolved to include new meanings. The term "Straight Legs" was used for infantry units, while non-airborne units were often referred to as "Legs." The term "Leg" became pejorative, emphasizing the contrast between mobile mounted forces and less mobile infantry.
These traditions and terms continue to be a part of the history and culture of the U.S. military, representing a blend of historical significance and modern adaptations. While the modern U.S. military does not have active horse cavalry units, the legacy of horsemanship and the traditions surrounding it remain deeply ingrained in the fabric of the armed forces.