Kurds in Turkey: Ethnical Minority and Citizens
Often misunderstood, the Kurds are an ethnically distinct group residing in the largest and politically significant part of Kurdistan, which spans Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran. The question of the Kurdish population in Turkey and their citizenship status is a controversial topic. This article aims to clarify these issues and provide a comprehensive understanding of the Kurdish community in Turkey.
The Political and Ethnical Context
Earlier attempts to classify the population in Turkey according to race or ethnicity were not successful. According to the Turkish constitutional law, all citizens are considered Turkish. However, the ethnically distinct Kurds make up a significant portion of the population in various provinces of Turkey, predominantly in the eastern and southeastern regions of the country, sometimes known as Turkish Kurdistan. Despite this, officially, there are no racial or ethnic statistics kept in Turkey.
The Kurdish Population in Turkey
Estimations suggest that there are around 15 to 20 million Kurds living in Turkey, primarily in the south-eastern regions. These regions include provinces like Diyarbak?r, ?anl?urfa, Mardin, and ??rnan, among others. The Kurdish population is diverse, with some areas having higher concentrations than others. Despite the absence of official statistics, academic and non-academic estimates are relatively consistent, painting a clear picture of the distribution and size of the Kurdish population.
Citizenship and Political Aspirations
All Kurds living in Turkey are citizens of the Republic of Turkey. These citizens enjoy the same rights as any other citizen, including the right to vote, hold public office, and participate in the political process. However, some Kurds have long expressed aspirations for a separate Kurdish state and the right to self-determination. This sentiment has led to various forms of political and armed activities over the years.
Describing the Kurdish Community in Turkey
The Kurdish community is integral to the social fabric of Turkey, as evidenced by the significant number of educated Kurdish individuals who contribute to various sectors. Many Kurds in Turkey hold advanced degrees and are working in fields such as medicine, law, politics, and academia. These individuals are integral to the development and progress of Turkish society.
Historical and Current Context
The process of Turkification began around 100 years ago, during which time it became increasingly difficult to trace one's ethnicity. Today, it is estimated that around 15 to 20 million Kurds live in Turkey, a number that takes into account both native Kurds and those who have been Turkified over time. The number of Kurds in Anatolia, the historical heartland of Turkey, is well within these estimates, making it a reasonable and realistic figure.
The Myth of Turkification
Some proponents of the myth of "Turkification" claim that there are no Kurds in Turkey, suggesting that all citizens are Turkish. This generalization is factually erroneous and does not reflect the reality of the situation. It is important to recognize that the Turkish identity in Turkey is defined by citizenship, not ethnicity. The term "Turkified" is often used without proper context and understanding, leading to misunderstandings and conflicts.
Conclusions and Implications
In conclusion, the Kurds in Turkey are both an ethnically distinct minority and citizens of the Republic of Turkey. They contribute significantly to their communities and the broader society through their achievements and talents. Understanding the demographic, historical, and political complexities of the Kurdish population in Turkey is crucial for fostering better relations and ensuring a more inclusive society.