Jainism and Its Relationship with Hinduism and Buddhism: An Exploration
The relationship between Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism has been a topic of much debate and speculation throughout history. Some argue that one religion copied from the others, while others believe they are unique yet interwoven traditions. This exploration aims to clarify the nature of this relationship, dispelling misconceptions and highlighting the distinct identity of each faith.
Understanding the Distinction
It is important to note that the term "stolen" is often used in these debates, but it does not accurately describe the nature of religious influences. Religious traditions often adopt, reinterpret, and adapt the beliefs, practices, and philosophies of others, but this is not the same as stealing. It is more accurate to say that religious traditions influence and transform each other, reflecting the social and cultural contexts in which they evolve.
Lord Buddha and Lord Mahavir: Contemporaries and Negations of Vedas
Both Lord Buddha and Lord Mahavir (the last Jain Tirthankara) were contemporaries, albeit with slight age differences. Their approaches to religion fundamentally challenge the core beliefs of Hinduism, specifically the supremacy of the Vedas and the Brahmins. This is why Jain and Buddhist philosophies are sometimes considered atheistic in Indian philosophy.
Mythology and Early Beliefs: The Absence of Deity
According to Jain mythology, Jainism predates Hinduism. However, this claim is debatable, especially considering that some of the calculations attributed to Jainism predate the formation of the universe. Beyond the mythical claims, in their original forms, both Jainism and Buddhism did not believe in the existence of a supreme deity, heaven, hell, or even reincarnation.
Evolution of Beliefs: From Abstract to Institutional
Over time, followers of these religions have found the abstract teachings challenging to follow, leading to simplifications and interpretations. For instance, while early Buddhism and Jainism were monist or atheist in nature, later disciples, especially those of Buddhism, have made the Buddha into a god and created elaborate tales of his previous births. This has made Buddhism a popular religion in India, where many followers continue to practice Hindu rituals.
Impact on Social Practices: Vegetarianism and Beyond
Jainism and Hinduism both have significant impacts on social practices. For example, many Agarwal and Maheswari families in India are strict vegetarians, including a ban on onions and garlic, which demonstrates a clear Jain influence. Similarly, the importance of vegetarianism in Indian society is largely due to the influence of both Jainism and Buddhism.
Conclusion: The Mutual Influence of Religions
While it is true that the religions have mutual influences, the idea of one stealing from another is not accurate. Both religions have evolved within the broader cultural and social fabric of India, each affecting and being affected by the others. This mutual influence is evident in practices, beliefs, and societal structures, making it crucial to understand the rich tapestry of Indian religious life.