Historical Relations between Prussia and The Netherlands: A Deep Dive into Geopolitical Friendships

Introduction

Prussia and the Netherlands established a long-lasting friendship dating back to the sovereignty of the Great Elector, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia. This partnership was cemented by shared interests, religious affiliations, and a common history that lasted through many conflicts and political upheavals. Understanding these historical relations can provide valuable insights into the geopolitical landscape of the era.

Origins of the Friendship

Frederick William, born into the House of Hohenzollern, was a significant political figure in the late 17th century. His rule began in 1640, and his leadership was instrumental in shaping the relationship between the Netherlands and the Prussian Duchy. One of the early indicators of this friendship was the safety pledge from the Dutch, who sent him to their country during the remains of the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648). This war had been devastating for Central and Eastern Europe, and the Netherlands offered a safe haven for politicians and their families.

Marriage and Personal Bonds

One of the defining moments in this relationship was the marriage of Frederick William to Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau, a cousin from the Dutch royal family. This union not only symbolized a strong alliance but also brought cultural and religious similarities that were crucial in maintaining peace and cooperation. Louise Henriette was deeply devoted to her husband and played an important role in his court. She remained a significant presence until her untimely death in 1667, after which her influence continued to shape the relationship between the two countries.

Religious Affinity and Trade

Both the Hohenzollerns and the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau were part of the Protestant Reformed branch of the House of Orange, known as the Calvinist faction. This shared religious affiliation was a vital element in their enduring friendship. Calvinism provided a common ground for political, social, and cultural interactions, fostering a sense of community and understanding.

The economic relationship between the two entities was equally strong. The Dutch city of Groningen flourished due to the constant trade routes that connected it to cities like Gdansk and East Prussia, through the port of the East Sea. Dutch style houses can still be seen in Gdansk, a testament to this rich trading history. This trade not only enriched the regions but also brought about technological and cultural advancements, strengthening the bond between the two nations.

Geopolitical Expansions and Challenges

The partnership between the Netherlands and Prussia was furthered by the settling of Dutch merchants and settlers in East Prussia. Even during the time of the Teutonic Order, which governed the region, Dutch traders and settlers continued their commercial activities. Under the extinct Lutheran Dukes of Prussia, these relationships remained robust and prosperous, ensuring continuity in the trade and cultural exchanges for centuries.

An Additional Geopolitical Relationship

While the relationship between the Netherlands and Prussia is well-documented, it is worth noting that another neighboring entity, the Duchy of Courland (modern-day Southern Latvia), also had a strong alliance with Prussia. The Duchy of Courland, governed by the same Catholic branch of the House of Vis-Marievicz, remained a good neighbor to the Protestant Prussia. Although their religious divisions were significant, the political and trade alliances formed during Frederick William’s reign helped to maintain a degree of peace and cooperation.

Conclusion

The friendship between the Prussian Duchy and the Netherlands, marked by shared religious beliefs, economic ties, and strategic alliances, was a defining feature of the 17th and 18th centuries. This relationship not only promoted peace and prosperity during a tumultuous period but also left a lasting legacy in the cultural and economic development of the region.