Fascism and Individualism: Clarifying The Myths Around Collectivism
Fascism is a complex subject, often misunderstood, particularly in relation to its framework of collectivism versus individualism. Many people believe that fascism is based on individualistic ideals, similar to capitalism. However, the reality is more nuanced. Fascism, in reality, is a phase or strategy within the broader context of capitalism, often employed for specific wartime and economic purposes. To understand this, we need to delve into the origins of fascism and its practical applications.
Origins and Evolution of Fascism
Fascism as a Phase of Capitalism: Fascism is not an eternal state of society but rather a phase or strategy utilized by capitalists. It is primarily employed during times of crisis, particularly wartime and economic turbulence, to rally the masses and maintain control. This is because in times of instability, collectivistic measures are often more effective in mobilizing the population and ensuring obedience and loyalty.
The Rationalization of Fascism
Rationalization in Collectivist Discourse: The argument that fascism is collectivist is often rationalized by the association of individual authenticity with brutality. For instance, the collective actions and ideologies espoused by figures such as Hitler and Mussolini, who were indeed socialists, are often viewed through a lens of right-wing fascism. This association resonates well with the leftist argument for moral relativism and thus strengthens the collectivist narrative.
The Psychological and Analytical Blunders
The Myth of Selfishness: The stereotype that fascism is motivated by individualistic selfishness is based on a flawed psychological and analytical perspective. Selfishness, in the context of fascism, is not necessarily about pursuing personal desires without regard for others; rather, it encompasses a strategic and pragmatic approach to achieving collective goals. The notion that personal interests are divorced from objective reality or that one's nature is depraved is a misinterpretation of the psychological and moral perspectives of fascism.
The Political Context of the French Revolution
Left vs Right in the French Revolution: During the French Revolution, the political discourse was defined more by strategic imperatives (left vs right) rather than fundamental ideas like individualism and collectivism, which are more aligned with human nature. The left seized upon these strategic imperatives more readily due to their dogmatic grounding, often relying on superficial analysis and selective facts, just as Marx did.
The Left's Narrative and Psychological Appeal
The Psychological Appeal of the Left: The left's narrative often revolves around victimhood and the desire for economic benefits. Even as the middle class expanded, the sense of emptiness and lack among the populace remained significant. The phrase "Greed is good" resonates with this sentiment, as it appeals to the idea that the pursuit of selfish interests is essential and justifiable, often conflating it with the acquisition of material wealth.
The Right's Inaction and Institutionalization of Collectivism
The Right's Dogmatism and Education: The right, under the influence of similar dogmatic education models (like the Prussian model of public education), unwittingly institutionalized a collectivistic form of fascism. While they did not explicitly endorse it, the education system perpetuated values and ideologies that aligned with fascism, often at the expense of genuine capitalist ideas. This institutionalization often led to a blurring of lines between individualists and collectivists within the right.
The Media and Political Characters
The Role of Media: The media, which plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion, often perpetuates these mythologies for practical reasons. By promoting a false dichotomy between left and right, they level the political playing field and create a sense of division among the public. This polarization makes it easier for the left to maintain a cohesive narrative, often at the expense of genuine discourse and analysis.
In conclusion, while the myth of fascism's individualistic nature persists, the reality is that it is a strategic phase of capitalism employed during times of crisis. Understanding the historical and psychological context is crucial to dispelling these myths and promoting a more nuanced understanding of fascism.