Do Subsonic Ammunition and Silencers Mix?
Understanding the relationship between subsonic ammunition and silencers can be crucial for those interested in firearms. In this article, we'll explore whether using subsonic ammunition can negate the need for a suppressor, and discuss the basics of how silencers work and mitigate sound levels.
Understanding the Acoustic Phenomenon of Firing a Gun
A common misconception is that sound is produced primarily when the bullet exits the end of the barrel under high pressure. While this does contribute to the noise, it accounts for only part of the overall sound. The exhilarating pop is a result of the bullet breaking the sound barrier (supercrsonic noise) or the low-level rumble from subsonic (under the sound barrier) ammunition. The silencer (referred to as a suppressor in some regions) works to reduce the sound of the powder burn and primer ignition, not the crack of the supersonic bullet.
The Impact of Subsonic Ammunition on Sound Suppression
Subsonic ammunition is specifically designed to remain under the speed of sound (typically between 1050 and 1100 feet per second). This design makes it inherently quieter, but it is not the only factor. A silencer can significantly reduce the overall sound by redirecting the escaping gases through baffles. For regular ammunition, a silencer may perform poorly if the gunshot noise is already being produced from the bullet’s supersonic passage.
A personal anecdote supports this: My buddy had a custom 10/22 rifle with a suppressor, and it sounded no different from a non-suppressed .22. The main difference was when he switched to subsonic .22 ammunition. The quietness was immediately noticeable, similar to the sound of a high-powered pellet gun.
How Silencers Work and their Misconceptions
Contrary to popular belief, silencers do not render firearms entirely silent. Instead, they mitigate the sound of the gun, much like a muffler on a car reduces noise without completely silencing the engine. A silencer functions by redirecting the propellant gases through its internal baffles, which scavenge the gases and direct them in a manner that thwarts the shock waves produced when the bullet exits the muzzle. While effective, silencers are not entirely silent - they still produce a noticeable sound.
Another myth is that silencers are exclusive to criminals. In reality, silencers serve a variety of legitimate purposes, such as reducing noise for hunters and ensuring safety and courtesy in shooting environments. Former President Teddy Roosevelt even used a rifle with a silencer for rodent control near the White House, highlighting the historical context of responsible use. Additionally, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) defines the terms silencer and suppressor as interchangeable, emphasizing their role in enhancing shooting safety.
Conclusion
While subsonic ammunition can contribute to a quieter discharge, it does not fully negate the need for a suppressor. Silencers and suppressors are valuable tools for reducing noise, ensuring safety, and preserving the peace, especially in close-proximity firing scenarios. The misconception that a silencer alone can render a firearm silent only adds to the growing awareness of these devices' benefits and limitations.
For those interested in firearms and their usage, understanding the intricacies of ammunition and silencers is key to making informed decisions. Whether you are a casual shooter, a competitive marksman, or a firearm enthusiast, the right gear can make all the difference.