Distinguishing Between Literal and Figurative Language in English Idioms

Understanding the difference between literal and figurative language can greatly enhance your communication skills and help you navigate the complexities of the English language. Idioms, a significant part of this linguistic landscape, can often be tricky for non-native speakers. So, in today's article, we will explore the distinction between literal and figurative language, with a focus on idioms and how they function in the English language.

What is Literal Language?

Literally refers to the exact or actual meaning of a word or phrase without any exaggeration or metaphorical interpretation. When we use the word 'literal,' we are emphasizing that no figurative meaning should be applied to it. In the sentence 'They were responsible for dozens of mistakes,' the word 'responsible' is used in its literal sense to indicate accountability for errors.

What is Figurative Language?

Figurative language, on the other hand, includes expressions that deviate from the typical way words are used to create a richer, more vivid, or more complex meaning than what is represented by the literal definition of the words. It can be used to express a feeling, an idea, or a concept that is more suited to language that is poetic and evocative.

The Function of Idioms

Idioms are a prime example of figurative language in English. An idiom is a group of words with a special meaning used in the context of a language that differs from the literal meaning of its individual words. For example, saying 'get off my back' in a literal sense means to physically lift something from one's back. However, in a figurative sense, it means to stop criticizing or nagging someone.

Literal vs. Figurative Examples

Let's explore some examples to better understand this distinction:

Literally: Grab the straps of this duffle bag and help me get it off my back. Figuratively: The husband said to his wife, 'Get off my back and quit complaining. I've been listening to your nagging long enough!'

In the first sentence, 'get off my back' is used literally, indicating that there is an actual item on the speaker's back that needs to be removed. In the second sentence, 'get off my back' is used figuratively to convey that the speaker is tired of someone criticizing or nagging them.

More Examples of Figurative Language

Literal: Jane ran into the store to get out of the rain. Figurative: Guess who I ran into yesterday! I hadn't seen Ruth since we graduated from college.

In the first example, 'ran into' has a literal meaning of physically running to a location. In the second example, 'ran into' is used figuratively to mean 'met unexpectedly.'

Literal: Bob ran across the road trying to catch his dog. Figurative: While I was cleaning the attic, I ran across my old high school yearbook.

Again, in the first, 'ran across' is literal, meaning the act of crossing a street. In the second, 'ran across' is figurative, meaning to find something unexpectedly.

Literal: Without a map, it is easy to get lost in a national forest. Figurative: Tired of his younger brother's constant interruptions, John told his brother to get lost.

The first example is literal, meaning not to know where you are. The second is figurative, meaning to go away and stop bothering someone.

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between literal and figurative language is essential for effective communication. While literal language is straightforward and direct, figurative language, especially through idioms, adds depth and richness to the English language. By familiarizing yourself with the distinctions and practicing their use, you can significantly improve your language skills and engage more effectively with English-speaking communities.

Further Reading

Understanding Idioms and Their Importance in the English Language Common Misuses of Idiomatic Expressions Improving Your English with Idioms and Figurative Language

By delving deeper into these topics, you can enhance your understanding and application of idiomatic expressions in the English language.