Introduction

Why do some Christians follow Jewish rites, and why do others not? This article explores the overlapping and contrasting paths of faith between Christians and Jews, focusing on specific rites and beliefs. By examining the historical and theological foundations of these practices, we can better understand the complex relationship between these two world religions.

Overlapping Religious Practices: Hannukkah and Christmas

In a sense, Christians do follow Jewish rites, particularly during the period leading up to and including Christmas. Hannukkah, the festival of lights, falls during the same season as Christmas, and this overlap highlights the shared significance of light and revelation in both traditions.

For ancient liturgical churches, the Christmas season culminates in Epiphany or Theophany, marking a three-fold seasonal celebration:

Christmas: Celebrates the incarnation of God the Word, marking the revelation of the light of the world. Feast of the Circumcision/Presentation in the Temple: During this feast, Church fathers, like Simeon and the prophettess Anna, recognized the infant Christ as the promised savior. This takes place early in January, just after Christmas. Epiphany/Theophany (Jan 7): Commemorates Christ's baptism and the first open revelation of the Holy Trinity.

The entire season is about the revelation of the light of the world, subsuming Hannukkah, as the miracle celebrated in the old feast found its fulfillment when the light of the world became flesh and dwelt among us.

Pauline Christianity: A Simplification of Judaism

Pauline Christianity represents an intentional simplification of Judaism, creating a teaching that is more accessible and attractive to a broader audience. This shift from a Jewish goal to a Christian one dramatically changed the foundation of religious teaching and practice.

Paul successfully overcame the barrier of complex Jewish customs and traditions, transforming them into a more simplified and universal form. However, this simplification has led to principal contradictions between Judaism and Christianity. Let us explore these contrasts in more detail.

Jewish Customs and Religious Teachings

Jewish customs and traditions are actually commandments and are deeply rooted in Judaic religious teaching. These teachings require extensive study to fully understand and appreciate. For example, delving into the text of the Torah reveals many concepts that are not easily “translated” into a literal understanding.

Consider these points:

If God is absolute and almighty, then attributive concepts such as “angry” or “pleased” make no sense. If God is displeased with something, a literal understanding suggests that God can fix it instantly without any need for human intervention. If God “wishes” for something, God can fulfill that wish in the blink of an eye, rendering words and actions superfluous.

Beyond these theological complexities, Jewish religious practices such as keeping kosher and observing the Shabbat add layers of adherence that can be seen as extremely unattractive to those seeking simplicity and accessibility.

In contrast, Pauline Christianity simplifies these complexities, focusing on the core message of faith in Christ, making it more relatable and inclusive for a wider audience. This simplification was indeed a masterful achievement, as the number of Christians today testifies to its effectiveness.

Conclusion

While Pauline Christianity has simplified certain aspects of traditional Jewish practices, it has also led to significant theological and practical differences between Judaism and Christianity. Understanding these nuances—both the overlapping and the contrasting elements—can provide valuable insights into the rich tapestry of these two faiths. As we reflect on the religious practices and beliefs of both Jews and Christians, we can appreciate the diverse paths of faith that have shaped human understanding and spirituality over the centuries.

References:

The Bible The Works of Paul Academic Texts on Judaism and Christianity