Celebrating Diwali: A Grand Festival in Various Religious Traditions
Diwali, also known as Deepavali, is a vibrant and grand festival celebrated across various religious traditions. From Hinduism to Jainism, Sikhism, and even Buddhism, each community has its unique reasons to celebrate Diwali. This festive season is a time for joy, reunion, and reflecting on stories and teachings significant to these religions.
Significance in Hinduism
Diwali is perhaps the most widely recognized and celebrated event in Hinduism. It marks the return of Lord Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana from a 14-year exile after defeating the demon king Ravana. According to the Hindu epic, the victory of good over evil, and the welcoming of a new beginning is the primary reason for the celebrations. Villagers lit oil lamps called Diyas to illuminate the path for the triumphant return of Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana.
A deeper meaning of Diwali is associated with the goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity. The 5-day festival begins with the day Goddess Lakshmi was born from the cosmic ocean of milk during the churning of the ocean by the gods and demons in a symbiosis known as 'Kshira Sagara'. Diwali is celebrated on the night when Lakshmi chose Lord Vishnu as her consort and they were married. This event is symbolic of divine love and prosperity, making Diwali a time for celebration and wish fulfillment.
Importance in Sikhism
For Sikhs, Diwali is celebrated as Bandi Chhor Divas, which translates to 'Day of Deliverance'. This festival commemorates the release of Guru Har Gobind, the sixth Sikh guru, along with his followers from the Gwalior Fort, where they had been imprisoned by the Mughal emperor Jahangir. The release of Guru Har Gobind and the revered Hindu kings symbolizes the deliverance from oppression and the triumph of righteousness. Sikhs celebrate this day with lighting of the Golden Temple, fireworks, and other festivities.
Significance in Jainism
Diwali holds a special place in Jainism as it marks the attainment of Nirvana (nibbana in Buddhist tradition) by Mahavira, the last Tirthankara of this era. On 15 October 527 BCE, Mahavira attained Moksha in Pavapuri. The Kalpasutra, written by Acharya Bhadrabahu in the 3rd century BCE, mentions that many gods were present and lit lamps to remember the event. This day is commemorated by Jains with grand celebrations and lighting of lamps, symbolizing the victory of truth and light over darkness.
Importance in Buddhism
The Newari people of Nepal, who follow Buddhism, celebrate Diwali. This festival marks the festival of lights and is celebrated with chanting mantras and reflecting on the transformation of Emperor Ashoka from a ruthless king to a benevolent ruler who adopted Buddhism. This period signifies the victory of inner light and the triumph of spirit over matter.
Conclusion
Despite the differences in faith, Diwali brings people together across various religious communities. The festival symbolizes the triumph of light over darkness, good over evil, and the significance of inner piety and prosperity. Whether celebrating as Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, or even some Buddhists, the essence of Diwali remains the same - a celebration of hope, success, and the spirit of humanity.