Biblical Aliases: Why Some People Have Multiple Names

In the Bible, it is not unusual to encounter individuals who have more than one name. This practice of using aliases is a phenomenon that adds depth and nuance to biblical storytelling. Let's explore the origins and significance of these names.

What Are Aliases?

Aliases, or aka (also known as), refer to the practice of using a different name for a person for a specific purpose. In biblical times, this was a common way to distinguish between individuals with the same or similar names, similar to the use of nicknames today.

Examples of Biblical Aliases

Many biblical figures have multiple names, each with its own story and significance. Some notable examples include:

Michael Mishael Meshach: Also known as Michael in English, this is a classic example of a Hebrew name transformed into a commonly used English name. Gabriel Hananiah Shadrach: Here, the name Gabriel Hananiah is used for clarity, with Shadrach often being the preferred name in English translations. Raphael Azariah Abednego: This set of names is extremely diverse, reflecting the identities and attributes of the person. Zebedee Joseph the Carpenter "Joseph the rich Arimathean" Joseph Justus: This individual goes by multiple names due to his diverse roles and backgrounds. Mary Magdalene Mary of Bethany Martha of Bethany: The names reflect her various associations and roles in the stories. Lazarus John the Son of Zebedee James the Son of Zebedee: These names distinguish individuals with similar names in the New Testament.

Reasons for Multiple Names

There are several reasons why individuals in the Bible have multiple names:

Nickname Origins

One of the primary reasons is the use of nicknames. For example, two of Jesus's disciples were both named Simon. However, the disciple who was a member of the political group called the Zealots was called Simon the Zealot, while the other was given the nickname Peter, which means "the rock". These nicknames helped to distinguish them in the narrative.

Dual Names

Individuals often had a legal name as citizens and a Hebrew or Jewish name. This dual naming system was common at the time. For instance, the disciple Bartholomew was also known as Nathanael, and Thaddaeus was also referred to as Judas. Similarly, Matthew was also known as Levi, and Simon was known as Peter.

Symbolic Renaming

Some changes of names symbolized a call to a special mission or significance. For example, the renaming of Abraham to Israel and Jacob to Israel signifies the covenant relationship with God.

Names from Noted Actions or Events

Names can also be derived from significant actions or events in one's life. This practice is also seen in the naming of individuals in American Indian history. For instance, Lazarus and Tabitha both refer to the same person and were known for their charitable work.

Conclusion: Names as Attributes

In many cases, biblical names are not merely proper names but have deeper meanings and attributes. For example, David means "beloved," highlighting the special relationship between King David and God. Similarly, Saul means "he who is sought," symbolizing his predetermined role in the biblical narrative.

Understanding the significance of these names provides a richer and more profound comprehension of the biblical text.