Anarcho-Capitalism vs Anarcho-Communism: What Will Our Future Society Look Like?
When discussing the future of society, two concepts often come up: anarcho-capitalism and anarcho-communism. These ideologies are frequently mentioned in the context of voluntary and stateless societies. However, they are often misunderstood and presented in a way that dilutes their true essence. Let's delve into the nuances of these concepts and explore their potential realization in the future.
What is Anarcho-Capitalism?
Anarcho-capitalism is often presented as a harsh and chaotic system without a state. However, as Voluntaryism emphasizes, it is simply the natural outcome of a society where individuals engage in free trade and voluntary interactions. Under anarcho-capitalism, people behave in the way they would in the absence of state intervention. This system is built on the principles of voluntary interaction, free markets, and self-regulation.
Unstable vs Stable
Opponents argue that anarcho-communism is inherently stable, while anarcho-capitalism is chaotic. However, the core of anarcho-capitalism lies in voluntary contracts and cultural norms. If these voluntary systems become too rigid or oppressive, they can lead to instability. For example, while anarcho-communism can be stable under certain conditions, anarcho-capitalism with severe inequality can become unstable, as the wealthy would have the means to defend their property much more effectively than the less fortunate.
Historical Context
Historically, anarcho-communism was more common in our hunter-gatherer past, while the transition to farming and herding introduced hierarchy and competition. Anarcho-capitalism, on the other hand, has never been fully realized. It is unlikely to become the norm today because highly competitive individuals tend to favor strong leaders. The evolutionary history of humans is ingrained in our political instincts.
Feasibility Comparison
Looking to the future, it is more feasible for anarcho-communism to be actualized. The Korean People's Association in Manchuria is the only known example of a functioning anarcho-communist society. Additionally, anarcho-capitalism relies on private security firms and private courts, essentially privatizing the role of the state. This could eventually lead to the concentration of wealth and power, just like the evolution of early states. Thus, the small elites could form a de facto state, negating the ideal of a completely stateless society.
Evolution of States
Historically, states evolved from the need to maintain private ownership and the exclusion of access to resources. As wealth consolidates, the wealthy could exert significant control over society, leading to the formation of a new state structure.
Conclusion
While both anarcho-capitalism and anarcho-communism present interesting visions for the future, anarcho-communism appears to have more historical precedence and potential stability. However, it is crucial to recognize that these concepts are not absolute and can adapt to changing circumstances.
For further exploration of these topics, consider reading my new book, Understanding Anarchist Societies: A Comprehensive Guide. Whether you favor anarcho-capitalism or anarcho-communism, the key is to understand the underlying principles and their potential to shape our future.